{"id":2101,"date":"2008-02-11T05:22:51","date_gmt":"2008-02-11T10:22:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/?p=2101"},"modified":"2014-12-12T14:51:54","modified_gmt":"2014-12-12T20:51:54","slug":"those-who-forget-never-learned-their-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/?p=2101","title":{"rendered":"Those Who <strike>Forget<\/strike> Never Learned Their History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I hereby coin a new term; Kersten Delusional Disorder.<\/p>\n<p>I originally thought &#8220;Kersten Derangement Syndrome&#8221;, but I think KDD is a more serious pathology.<\/p>\n<p>When they got the word that the Strib was going to hire a conservative columnist (to put in the stable with DFL monkeys Lori Sturdevant, Nick Coleman, Doug Grow, Kim Ode, Pat Reusse and, well, pretty much all of them short of James Lileks), the local lefty pundocracy acted like someone had proposed giving them a rectal exam with a pool cue; her addition to the staff &#8211; a lone conservative voice in a room full of people with boy and girl crushes on Walter Mondale and Paul Wellstone &#8211; prompted the local Sorosphere&#8217;s most irritating conceit, the statement-as-fact that &#8220;The Strib is a conservative tool&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, Kersten is pretty much right about everything, and is head, shoulders and ankles better than anyone else on the Strib columnist staff.<\/p>\n<p>Last week, she wrote<a href=\"http:\/\/www.startribune.com\/local\/14849326.html\"> a column about Rep. Ellison&#8217;s &#8220;Department of Peace&#8221; proposal<\/a>. Kersten points out the grim fact; institutional pacifism has a long record of abject failure to prevent war.  She cites Norway, which, in the wake of the bloodbath of World War I joined Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and many other smaller European nations in declaring pacifism their primary line of national defense:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Norway&#8217;s commitment to what Ellison calls a &#8220;culture of peace&#8221; dates back to its founding in 1905, according to a 2006 report by Col. Karl Hanevik of the Norwegian Army. For decades, writes Hanevik, the country&#8217;s foreign policy was based on a firm belief that &#8220;international disputes should be solved via arbitration and international law.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>After World War I, Norway&#8217;s leaders placed their hopes for peace in the League of Nations, the precursor to the United Nations, and let their military go to seed.<\/p>\n<p>Norway declared neutrality when Hitler threatened in 1939.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Indeed, they officially resolved that all belligerents were equally wrong; that the Poles who were fighting for their lives, and the Brits and French who declared war in their support (but didn&#8217;t do much else) were equally as wrong as the Nazi regime that was bombing Poland&#8217;s cities.<\/p>\n<p>Which is, indeed, one of the most corrosive conceits of today&#8217;s &#8220;peace&#8221; <strike>movement <\/strike>racket.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The country was wholly unprepared when Germany invaded on April 9, 1940&#8230;The German blitzkrieg rolled through Norway, and the king and government fled to England for safety&#8230;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p class=\"subhead\">Pretty thoughts didn&#8217;t work<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"subhead\">Not only that, but the only reason King Haakon, his family and his cabinet were able to flee was because the <em>only <\/em>parts of Norway&#8217;s military that functioned as planned on that first day of the war &#8211; an ancient coastal fortress and a forty-year-old torpedo &#8211; sank the German cruiser <em>Bl\u00fccher<\/em> and the German battalion that was supposed to cut off the retreat route from Oslo.  And because the only squadron of Norwegian fighters that was capable of taking to the skies against the <em>Luftwaffe <\/em>broke up a German attempt to drop paratroops in the area.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">Not, let us note, because of any pacifists&#8217; actions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">Let&#8217;s make no mistake, here.  Peace is something to strive for.  Peace is almost always preferable to war.  I said almost.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">But pacifism is only tenable in a world where everyone believes in peace.  Pacifists like to point out the examples of Gandhi and Martin Luther King as triumphs of &#8220;passive resistance&#8221;.  But both of their successes depended entirely on their taking place in a context of the (general) rule of law, in areas controlled by liberal democracies who were, if not initially friendly to either of them, at least not actively disposed to kill both men and all of their followers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">So &#8211; Kersten was right.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">And her critics?<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">Well&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">AlphaBetty writes for MNBlue, the home of an endless stream of dozey conspiracy theorists and purple-faced rantmongers.  And <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mnblue.com\/node\/1102#comment-6667\">her take on Kersten<\/a> indulges in the same kind of selective, self-serving, myopic ignorance that, by nature, <em>has <\/em>to be prevalent to believe in things like &#8220;Departments of Peace&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">While Ms. Alphabetty may seek &#8220;peace&#8221;, she commits violence against clarity and context:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">Norway was asking for it? Katherine Kersten blames Norway\u2019s aversion to war for Germany\u2019s World War II invasion of that country.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">No, she doesn&#8217;t.  Read it for yourself, of course, but Kersten merely notes that pacifism is useless for defending ones citizens against armed, determined evil.And she&#8217;s right!But more later. We have some words to jam into Kersten&#8217;s mouth, first:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Perhaps, she feels the French had the right approach. Pushing a fortress mentality, backed by ample defense spending, French war minister Andre Maginot figured he had German aggression licked. He was mistaken. The Nazis just marched around France\u2019s line of expensive concrete fortifications.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Again with the historical ignorance.  &#8220;Fortress mentality&#8221; is to &#8220;confronting violent evil&#8221; as &#8220;eating a Big Mac&#8221; is to &#8220;a nutrition program&#8221; (or for that matter, &#8220;passive resistance&#8221; is to &#8220;confronting violent evil&#8221;; it&#8217;s one of many approaches, one that seems historically discredited.<\/p>\n<p>(For more on the historical ignorance, see the long screed on military history &#8211; which, as always, highlights pacifist myopia and ignorance &#8211; <a href=\"#more-2101\">below the fold<\/a>).<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">Popping a bully in the nose is a limited strategy in the school yard. That\u2019s also true in the realm of international affairs. Sometimes you fight. Sometimes you circle your defenses. Sometimes you stand together and say as a group, this will not happen here.On this last point, the citizens of occupied Norway have much to teach us.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">Er, yeah.  But not the lesson Ms. Alphabetty thinks.  But we&#8217;ll get back to that.<br \/>\nOnward:<\/div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">If violence is not the path to peace, neither is passivity. In the face of brutal domination, Norwegians hung together. Risking arrest, they wore subtle symbols of solidarity, a paper clip on the lapel, a bright red hat or vest.Resisting anti-Semitism, they refused to speak German, pretending they didn\u2019t understand a language as common in Norway at the time as English is today. In Oslo, commuters refused to sit next to Germans on the bus.Was it effective? The bus action clearly got the goat of the Deutsche(Germans). They declared it illegal to stand when seats were open. More importantly, the horrible effects of German domination, including Jewish deportation were somewhat lessened in Norway than in other occupied zones.<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"content\">Well, that&#8217;s all true &#8211; although Ms. AlphaBetty is wrong; Norway&#8217;s resistance saved at least 3\/4 of Norways Jews, smuggling them to Sweden or across the North Sea to the UK.But Ms. Alphabetty&#8217;s take on the Norwegian Resistance is as conveniently myopic as <em>any <\/em>point of view that justifies a &#8220;Department of Peace&#8221; needs to be.Norway &#8211; like every occupied country &#8211; engaged in plenty of passive resistance. Norway also had a *huge* active, military resistance; the Milorg numbered 50,000 men and women, and engaged in a long and fruitful campaign of assassinations, attacks and what we&#8217;d call &#8220;insurgency&#8221; today. It was <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_heavy_water_sabotage\"><em>Norwegian <\/em>commandos that destroyed the German Vemork heavy-water plant at Rjukan<\/a>, effectively choking off the German nuclear weapons program. Like stereotypically-pacifistic Denmark, Norway&#8217;s active resistance was deadly-effective; Norway had more occupation troops, per-capita, than any other European nation, testament to the fact that resistance was FAR from passive.Tens of thousands of Norwegians fled to the UK and America to continue the fight.  They fought with distinction.Other officially pacifistic nations &#8211; the Dutch, Danes, Belgians &#8211; took different approaches that all added up to &#8220;defending our sovereignty even as we seek peace&#8221;.And let us not forget that the only European nations that were not swallowed up by the evil &#8211; Sweden and Switzerland &#8211; did so by ensuring that any invader would suffer grievous damage trying.  While they also officially embraced peace then as now, each nation was also an armed camp:  every Swiss citizen, then as now, served in the army, and the Alps were turned into an immense fortress; Sweden resolved to defend its coast and territory by building a large military and home-grown arms industry that is still a major factor in the international arms market today.<br \/>\nBut the greatest bit of evidence that Kersten was right?<\/p>\n<p>After the war, Norway &#8211; while honoring pacifism in its foreign policy &#8211; not only joined NATO, but built perhaps the largest military, per capita, in the alliance. During the Cold War, nearly every Norwegian male served in the reserves; like the Swiss, they kept their weapons and uniforms at home, ready to respond immediately to a Soviet attack.  Norway &#8211; a nation of a little over four million &#8211; at the peak of the Cold War could muster 600,000 reservists; their military was built and trained to make an attack on, and occupation of, Norway prohibitively costly; Norway realized that while they might not beat the Soviets, they could make an occupation a miserable thing, and trained their military to fight not only as conventional troops, but as guerrillas as well.<\/p>\n<p>They realized that wishing for peace without being able to enforce the peace &#8211; or at least deter evil&#8217;s aggression &#8211; is worse than worthless.  It is a betrayal of ones nation&#8217;s duty to its people and its moral right to govern.<\/p>\n<p>Kudos indeed to Norway &#8211; but not for the reasons Ms. Alphabetty thinks.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>MILITARY HISTORY SCREED FOLLOWS:<br \/>\nWhenever people start talking about the &#8220;Fortress mentality&#8221; of the Maginot Line &#8211; the immense French fortification project of the 1920&#8217;s and 1930&#8217;s that turned the entire Franco-German border into a long underground fortress &#8211; you need to start digging beneath the surface.<br \/>\nFor starters, remember &#8211; The Maginot Line served its purpose, as far as it went; no German attack came across the French border.<\/p>\n<p>The Germans had to &#8220;march around&#8221; it, as Ms. Alphabetty notes.  On the way, they &#8220;marched&#8221; through Belgium, another country that, like Norway, had embraced pacifism, disarmament and moral neutrality.   The Belgians realized, with the invasion of Poland, that they&#8217;d erred; the nine months preparation weren&#8217;t enough to reverse two decades of pacifist wishing. Indeed, they fought ferociously; in <em>Miracle at Dunkirk<\/em>, Walter Lord cites a German staff report that graded their enemies in descending order of ferocity; the Belgians, the Dutch, the Brits and the French, in that order.\u00a0 But the Belgians and Dutch fought with antiquated weapons and leadership that had spent the interwar years policing the colonies and dealing with penurious, pacifistic budgets &#8211; and the French hadn&#8217;t built their fortresses along the neutral Belgian border.<\/p>\n<p>And it&#8217;s myopic and ignorant to blame France&#8217;s defeat on the Maginot line; they also had the world&#8217;s largest tank fleet, and their tanks were <em>better<\/em>, tank for tank, than the German Panzers that overwhelmed them in June of 1940; they were hampered by a fairly hidebound leadership that sought to use tanks the way they were used in 1918, to support the infantry, rather than as a huge armored fist to blast into the enemy&#8217;s heartland &#8211; as, by the way, did the Brits and the US at the time.<\/p>\n<p>The French were sensitive about casualties; 2\/3 of their combatants in World War II had ended up dead, wounded or missing. The war left France morally exhausted, doubting its own moral worth, unsure about its own course. Think America&#8217;s &#8220;Vietnam Syndrome&#8221;, only vastly, vastly worse.  The Maginot line allowed France to defend its industrial heartland on the relative cheap, at least in terms of manpower; a relative handful of middle-aged reservists could have held off a German frontal attack indefinitely, freeing up the younger troops to fight elsewhere.<br \/>\nThe French didn&#8217;t lose because they were cowards (indeed, many French units fought ferociously in 1940; tens of thousands fled to the UK, Canada, the US or the colonies to carry on the war), or even because they invested in fortresses; the French lost because their national will to prevail as a nation got shot, gassed, bombed and stabbed into a pulp at Verdun in 1916, and all along the Western Front.  It hadn&#8217;t come close to recovering by 1940.<br \/>\nIn a similar, if utterly opposite, sense, countries like Denmark and Norway and Belgium lost the national will to carry on <em>unreasoning, dogmatic <\/em>pacifism in 1945; they realized that while they could keep their hearts focused on peace for those that would listen, they needed to keep their brass knuckles in hand for those who do not.<\/p>\n<p>And they understand the difference today &#8211; at least, enough understand to make a difference.<\/p>\n<p>Norwegian special forces have fought in Afghanistan since the very beginning. Danish and Polish troops joined US troops in Iraq (the SEALS reportedly have more regard for GROM, the Polish Navy&#8217;s SEALs, than any other non-US-or-Brit special forces group).<\/p>\n<p>Pacifism is not an answer.  At its best, it&#8217;s an approach.  At its worst, its a national suicide pact.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I hereby coin a new term; Kersten Delusional Disorder. I originally thought &#8220;Kersten Derangement Syndrome&#8221;, but I think KDD is a more serious pathology. When they got the word that the Strib was going to hire a conservative columnist (to put in the stable with DFL monkeys Lori Sturdevant, Nick Coleman, Doug Grow, Kim Ode, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[326,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-big-alt-media","category-history-and-its-making"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49837,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2101\/revisions\/49837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}