{"id":1808,"date":"2007-12-21T08:00:24","date_gmt":"2007-12-21T13:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/?p=1808"},"modified":"2007-12-21T08:08:33","modified_gmt":"2007-12-21T13:08:33","slug":"1808","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/?p=1808","title":{"rendered":"Stopping Irv"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Our friends at the Minnesota Voters Alliance &#8211; including regular NARN guest Andy Cilek &#8211; have <a href=\"http:\/\/www.startribune.com\/politics\/state\/12665581.html\">taken the first step<\/a> in their battle to try to stop the Instant Runoff Voting juggernaut, which has already absorbed Minneapolis and threatens Saint Paul.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A group called the Minnesota Voters Alliance filed suit Thursday in Hennepin County District Court seeking to keep instant-runoff voting from starting up in Minneapolis.<\/p>\n<p>The group&#8217;s lawyer, Erick Kaardal, cited an opinion from Attorney General Lori Swanson saying the system of ranking candidates by preference probably isn&#8217;t permitted by the state Constitution. That opinion, issued this year, stopped short of calling the system unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p>Kaardal also referenced a 1915 state Supreme Court case that struck down a Duluth system that ranked candidates.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>All the best to the Minnesota Voters Alliance.<\/p>\n<p>I have objections to Instant Runoff, too.  But they&#8217;re not personal; it&#8217;s just business.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>Background:  I analyze systems &#8211; software, hardware, processes, print publications, what have you &#8211; to empirically determine how *usable* they are.<\/p>\n<p>And speaking not as a partisan, but as a professional whose entire line of work involves figuring how to make things easier for real people to use, there&#8217;s a truism at work whenever people design systems; the designer *always* thinks he\/she has designed something<br \/>\nso intuitive that someone&#8217;d have to be an idiot not to be able to figure out how to do it.  It&#8217;s true for programmers writing websites, for executives designing processes for other people, for engineers building freeway ramps, for architects designing public spaces; *everyone* designs things to be blazingly intuitive &#8211; to other programmers, executives, engineers or architects.<\/p>\n<p>And when those programmers, managers and engineers watch real people in controlled usability tests actually trying to do real-world things with those websites, processes, ramps and spaces, and making mistakes and doing things they were not intended to to, they tend to have one of the following reactions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Nobody&#8217;s that stupid!&#8221;   But it&#8217;s not usually  a matter of stupidity.  It&#8217;s human nature &#8211;  especially if that human is not a programmer, executive, engineer or architect.<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;It&#8217;ll never happen in real life!&#8221;  But it just   did!<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Wow.  Who knew?  We gotta redesign this!&#8221;  These   are the good ones&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Allowing that everyone who&#8217;s stumping for IRV expresses it via rose-colored glasses (that, too, is human nature), I can see several places where confusion is potentially built into the system.<\/p>\n<p>Allow me to walk through a fairly simple conundrum that faces usability people and, by the way, real people using real systems, drawn not from political ideology (of ANY sort!), but from the experience of someone who has had to ask these questions of programmers, executives and engineers for a living for the past decade:<\/p>\n<p>IRV proponents respond &#8220;but it&#8217;s <em>simple<\/em>!  You just rank your preferences!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So when &#8220;simply&#8221; ranking, say, five candidates from top to bottom, do you number them 1-5, or 5-1?<\/p>\n<p>Remember &#8211; in many Asian cultures, 1 is &#8220;better&#8221; than 5, while many people think bigger numbers are &#8220;better&#8221; than smaller numbers (like a hockey score).<\/p>\n<p>And if you answer &#8220;that&#8217;ll be explained in the instructions&#8221;, please bear in mind that people &#8211; REAL people &#8211; tend not to read instructional writing, and retain even less for any amount of time.  So &#8211; how do you make sure everyone gets the directions the same way?  Verbal instructions from poll staff?  (Mightn&#8217;t those be potentially legally-problematic?)<\/p>\n<p>Will people be able to cast &#8220;Tie&#8221; votes if they have no preference?  Rank everyone &#8220;1&#8221; (or &#8220;5&#8221;), or rank five candidates &#8220;1,2,2,2,3&#8221; or &#8220;1,1,3,3,5?&#8221;?  (If you don&#8217;t think people will try, think again!)  What&#8217;ll happen to the ballots if people try to do that?  More importantly, how will people KNOW the consequences of trying that, whatever they are, and whether it&#8217;s OK or (emphatically) not?<\/p>\n<p>On what medium do they cast their vote &#8211; a paper ballot?  Marked with what?  Pencil?  If they change their mind before submitting the ballot, how are changes made?  Erasing numbers? How does one know, for audit purposes, WHO erased the number, then?  What if they do a poor job of erasing (with older people with arthritic hands, this is not uncommon); how are  ambiguities caused by poor erasing and faint handwriting resolved?  How about people who don&#8217;t erase, but scribble or overwrite?  And let&#8217;s not forget that immigrants frequently write numbers differently than Americans do; I run into this myself, since I usually use German numbering, and sometimes people read my &#8220;1&#8221;s as &#8220;7&#8221;s, and my &#8220;7s&#8221; as &#8220;4&#8221;s (I cross my 7s, European-style); how are these ambiguities to be resolved?  And if the answer is &#8220;by telling immigrants to make sure they use American numbers&#8221;, do you realize the problems you&#8217;ll run into?<\/p>\n<p>Indeed, how are the votes of the handicapped to be tallied?  How would someone with, say, arthritic hands vote?  (I won&#8217;t even ask the obvious question about voting for the blind; I&#8217;ll have to assume SOMEONE&#8217;s on top of that one).<\/p>\n<p>And none of this even touches on the issue of &#8220;how the ballots are designed&#8221;.  And that is a huge issue.  Remember &#8211; whomever designed the infamous Broward County Butterfly Ballot thought they had a perfectly workable, usable design!<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>Bear in mind that NONE of the issues I raised above is, in my decade&#8217;s experience as a usability geek, outlandish, or even especially far-fetched; certainly none of them are remotely political.  These are the sorts of issues someone in my field EXPECTS to see when ANY new system intersects with new users.  Smart system owners run usability tests before their system &#8220;goes live&#8221;, and fix the issues they encounter.  Dumb ones&#8230;well, thank goodness for them, since usability disasters keep me employed.<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;d be very interested in seeing a real, live, end-to-end, empirical test of an IRV system and all of its components &#8211; the ranking system, the ballot and media, the counting process, the system of explaining the process to new voters in various languages &#8211; and seeing how it REALLY works in a reasonably-complex, contested polling. (I say &#8220;contested&#8221; for a reason, by the way; IRV seems to have only been tried in locales with relatively monobloc politics, from what I&#8217;ve seen.  Without trying to judge the politics themselves, professionally speaking, that&#8217;s not necessarily a thorough workout).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Our friends at the Minnesota Voters Alliance &#8211; including regular NARN guest Andy Cilek &#8211; have taken the first step in their battle to try to stop the Instant Runoff Voting juggernaut, which has already absorbed Minneapolis and threatens Saint Paul. A group called the Minnesota Voters Alliance filed suit Thursday in Hennepin County District [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-geekery","category-minnesota-politics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1808","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1808"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1808\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1808"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1808"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.shotinthedark.info\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1808"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}